1. Present, past and future tenses
Present
- Present Simple: rutinas, hechos. She works in Madrid.
- Present Continuous: acción en curso. She is working now.
- Present Perfect (Simple): pasado conectado al presente (since/for/yet/already). She has worked since 2020.
- Present Perfect Continuous: acción duradera reciente. She has been working all morning.
Past
- Past Simple: acción terminada en el pasado. She worked yesterday.
- Past Continuous: acción en curso en el pasado. She was working at 8pm.
- Past Perfect: acción anterior a otra pasada. She had worked before lunch.
- Past Perfect Continuous: acción duradera anterior a otra. She had been working for 2 hours.
Future
- Will: decisión espontánea, predicción. I will help you.
- Going to: intención previa, evidencia. It's going to rain.
- Future Continuous: acción en curso en el futuro. I will be working at 5pm.
- Future Perfect: acción terminada antes de un punto futuro. I will have finished by Friday.
2. Conditionals (0, I, II, III) and modal verbs
Conditionals
- Zero: verdades universales. If you heat water to 100°C, it boils. (if + present, present)
- First: situación real futura. If it rains, we will stay home. (if + present, will + inf)
- Second: hipótesis improbable. If I were rich, I would travel. (if + past simple, would + inf)
- Third: hipótesis irreal pasada. If I had studied, I would have passed. (if + past perfect, would have + p.p.)
Modales B1
- Can / Could: habilidad, permiso.
- May / Might: posibilidad.
- Must / Have to: obligación (must = subjetiva / interna; have to = externa).
- Should / Ought to: consejo.
- Mustn't: prohibición. Don't have to: ausencia de obligación.
3. Passive voice (introduction) and reported speech (introduction)
Passive voice (B1)
Sujeto + to be (en el tiempo del activo) + past participle (+ by + agente).
Activa: Picasso painted Guernica in 1937.
Pasiva: Guernica was painted by Picasso in 1937.
Activa: Picasso painted Guernica in 1937.
Pasiva: Guernica was painted by Picasso in 1937.
- Present Simple → is/are + p.p. — English is spoken here.
- Past Simple → was/were + p.p. — The letter was written.
- Present Perfect → has/have been + p.p. — It has been published.
- Will → will be + p.p. — It will be done tomorrow.
Reported speech (introducción)
Backshift de tiempos al reportar en pasado:
- present simple → past simple
- present continuous → past continuous
- past simple → past perfect
- will → would; can → could; must → had to; may → might
4. Common B1 transformations and errors
Patrones de reescritura típicos (B1)
- So + adj + that… ↔ Such a + noun + that…
- If I were you, I would… ↔ You should…
- I haven't seen her for two years. ↔ It's been two years since I saw her.
- It started raining and is still raining. ↔ It has been raining since…
Errores frecuentes
- Confundir since (desde un punto) con for (durante un periodo).
- Olvidar la -s de 3ª persona en Present Simple: She works.
- Usar Past Simple con since/for/yet/already (requieren Present Perfect).
- Falsos amigos: actually ≠ "actualmente" (= currently); library ≠ "librería" (= bookshop).
- Doble negación: I don't know nothing (incorrecto) → I don't know anything.
Problems and guided analysis (step by step)
Mixes guided analysis (identify tenses, transformations, false friends, mediation types) with multiple-choice exercises where the expected answer is the option number.
Análisis · Verb tense identification 2025-26OrientacionesMedio
«By the time she arrived at the station, the train had already left.»
1
¿En qué tiempo verbal está 'had left'? (dos palabras en inglés)
2
¿Por qué se usa este tiempo en el contexto? (una palabra)
Ver solución completa
had left está en Past Perfect: had + past participle. Se usa para indicar una acción anterior a otra acción pasada (arrived). Estructura típica de secuencia temporal en el pasado: el evento más antiguo va en Past Perfect; el evento más reciente, en Past Simple.
Análisis · Reescribir como third conditional 2025-26OrientacionesAlta
«I didn't study, so I failed the exam.» → Rewrite as a third conditional starting with 'If'.
1
¿Qué forma verbal va en la cláusula 'if'? (dos palabras en inglés)
2
¿Qué forma va en la cláusula principal? (tres palabras en inglés)
Ver solución completa
Third conditional para una hipótesis irreal en el pasado: If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.
Estructura: If + past perfect, would + have + past participle. Tanto el estudio (no ocurrió) como el aprobado (no ocurrió) son contrafácticos.
Estructura: If + past perfect, would + have + past participle. Tanto el estudio (no ocurrió) como el aprobado (no ocurrió) son contrafácticos.
Tense · Present Perfect vs Past Simple
«I ___ in this city for 5 years now.»
1
Forma correcta (1=lived, 2=have lived, 3=am living, 4=was living).
2
Razón (1=acción puntual cerrada, 2=acción que conecta con el presente, 3=hábito presente, 4=futuro programado).
Tense · Future plans
«— Look at those clouds! It ___ rain.»
1
Forma más natural (1=will, 2=is going to, 3=is, 4=rains).
2
Razón (1=decisión espontánea, 2=predicción con evidencia, 3=horario fijo, 4=hábito).
Conditional · Type II
«If I ___ you, I would accept the offer.»
1
Verbo correcto (1=am, 2=was, 3=were, 4=had been).
2
Tipo de condicional (1=zero, 2=first, 3=second, 4=third).
Conditional · Type III
«If she ___ harder, she would have passed.»
1
Forma correcta (1=studied, 2=had studied, 3=would have studied, 4=studies).
Modal · Past deduction
«The lights are off. They ___ already gone home.»
1
Modal correcto (1=should have, 2=must have, 3=can't have, 4=would have).
2
Significado (1=consejo no seguido, 2=deducción segura, 3=imposibilidad, 4=hipótesis irreal).
Modal · Obligation vs prohibition
«You ___ smoke in this hospital — it's strictly forbidden.»
1
Modal correcto (1=mustn't, 2=don't have to, 3=needn't, 4=shouldn't).
Passive voice transformation
«Shakespeare wrote Hamlet around 1600.» → Pasiva.
1
Verbo pasivo correcto (1=is written, 2=was written, 3=has been written, 4=had been written).
2
Sujeto de la pasiva (1=Shakespeare, 2=Hamlet, 3=1600, 4=writing).
Reported speech · Statement (backshift)
«'I will help you tomorrow', she said.» → Estilo indirecto en pasado.
1
Forma del verbo principal (1=will help, 2=would help, 3=helps, 4=has helped).
2
Adverbio temporal correcto (1=tomorrow, 2=the next day, 3=yesterday, 4=today).
Reported speech · Question (yes/no)
«'Do you live here?', he asked.» → Estilo indirecto.
1
Forma correcta (1=do I live, 2=if I lived, 3=where do I live, 4=if I live).
Verb form · Since vs For
«I have studied English ___ ten years.»
1
Preposición correcta (1=since, 2=for, 3=ago, 4=during).
2
Uso de 'since' (1=período de duración, 2=punto de inicio temporal, 3=ambas, 4=ninguna).
Verb form · Used to
«When I was a child, I ___ play in the park every afternoon.»
1
Forma correcta (1=used to, 2=use to, 3=am used to, 4=would have).
Modal perfects
«You ___ told me earlier — I could have helped.»
1
Modal correcto (1=must have, 2=should have, 3=can have, 4=would have).
2
Función (1=consejo / reproche pasado, 2=deducción segura, 3=imposibilidad, 4=hipótesis irreal).
Tag question
«You speak French, ___?»
1
Forma correcta de la coletilla (1=do you, 2=don't you, 3=are you, 4=aren't you).
Self-assessment test
Choose the correct sentence:
Pick the third conditional:
«If you heat ice, it ___.» (zero conditional)
'Mustn't' means:
«Romeo and Juliet ___ by Shakespeare.» (passive present simple)
Simulators
⏱ Identify the verb tense
Cada tarjeta presenta una oración. Identifica el tiempo verbal.
🧩 Identify the conditional
Cada tarjeta presenta una oración condicional. Identifica de qué tipo es.
Exam bank (Inglés 1º Bach)
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